Understand the connection between hormones and skin during adolescence, pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause. Learn how to adjust your skincare routine!
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| Hormonal changes in women's skin |
Your skin is your body's largest and most protective organ, an amazing barrier that accompanies you throughout your life. But have you noticed how it changes over the years? One day, stubborn breakouts in adolescence; another, unexpected dryness or those first fine lines. Don't worry! These visible and noticeable changes are usually connected to something much deeper and more feminine: your hormones.
Hormonal changes are a completely natural part of every woman's life . They can influence absolutely everything, from oil production to skin tone, sensitivity, and its incredible resilience. Understanding this hormonal dance can transform the way you care for your skin, making it much smarter and more beneficial.
Keep reading to discover the fascinating connection between your hormones and your skin, and what you can do to keep it healthy and radiant, no matter your age!
Adolescence: The hormonal rollercoaster and your skin
Puberty is a stage of rapid growth and intense emotions, a true hormonal rollercoaster that your skin feels in full force. “During puberty, hormonal changes stimulate the skin’s sebaceous glands, which can lead to acne,” explains Dr. Jessica Leibhart, an obstetrics specialist at Banner Health . In addition, it’s common to notice increased sweating, body odor due to bacteria, and even darkening of the skin in certain areas where hormones are more active. Hair may also appear in new areas such as the armpits and pubic area. These are normal changes, but they can impact self-esteem.
Tips for skin care during adolescence:
- Wash your face twice a day with a gentle cleanser.
- Use oil-free and "non-comedogenic" products (that do not clog pores).
- Look for acne-specific ingredients like salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide.
- Always moisturize! Even oily skin needs moisture to be balanced.
- Avoid touching or popping pimples to prevent scarring.
- If your acne is severe, painful, or very bothersome, don't hesitate to consult a doctor or dermatologist.
Pregnancy: Skin changes for expectant mothers
Pregnancy is a time of profound transformation for your entire body, and your skin is no exception. “ Almost all pregnant women experience increased skin pigmentation due to estrogen and progesterone ,” says Dr. Leibhart. The appearance of the “linea nigra” (dark line down the center of the abdomen) is very common.
You may also notice melasma, popularly known as the "mask of pregnancy," which appears as dark patches on the face. This affects up to 75% of pregnant women and usually fades after childbirth, although treatments (lightening agents, chemical peels, laser) are available once the baby is born. Stretch marks, or "stretch marks of pregnancy," are another common concern. "They usually appear around the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy," adds Dr. Leibhart, "and you'll see them on your belly, breasts, and thighs."
Safe skincare routine during pregnancy:
- Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers.
- Apply sunscreen daily with a high factor to prevent melasma from worsening.
- Avoid ingredients such as retinoids and high amounts of salicylic acid.
- Stay hydrated and moisturized (inside and out) to help reduce the appearance of stretch marks.
- Always consult with your obstetrician-gynecologist or doctor before trying new products during pregnancy.
Periods: How your menstrual cycle affects your skin each month
Even outside of pregnancy or menopause, your menstrual cycle can significantly influence the appearance of your skin each month. Estrogen and progesterone levels rise and fall throughout the month, creating a pattern that your skin reflects.
In the days leading up to your period, the drop in these hormones can cause your skin to feel oilier, with clogged pores and acne breakouts, especially around your jawline and chin. On the other hand, you might notice your skin looks its best around ovulation, when estrogen levels peak. During this phase, your skin may appear clearer, with a more even tone and an enviable glow.
Tips for cycle-based skincare:
- Before your period: Incorporate products with salicylic acid or gentle exfoliants to prevent annoying period acne.
- During your period: Opt for soothing and moisturizing products that help your skin cope with sensitivity.
- After your period and around ovulation: Focus on radiance-boosting ingredients like vitamin C, and lightweight moisturizers to enhance that natural glow.
Tracking your cycle can be a powerful tool to stay ahead and adjust your skincare routine effectively.
Skin and hormones after 40: Perimenopause and menopause
As women age, estrogen levels begin to decline, a process that typically starts around age 40 and continues until menopause. This stage brings significant changes to the skin, which can become thinner, drier, and more sensitive.
“Estrogen helps keep skin firm, hydrated, and elastic,” explains Dr. Leibhart. “When it declines, you may notice dryness and sensitivity, thinning skin and hair, and increased facial hair. Menopause can also make skin more prone to bruising and even delay wound healing.”
Skincare to support aging:
- Use a rich, thick moisturizer, looking for ingredients like hyaluronic acid or ceramides.
- Consider adding a gentle retinol to your routine to boost collagen production and reduce the appearance of fine lines.
- Apply sunscreen every day, without exception, to protect your skin from sun damage.
- Choose gentle cleansers that don't strip your skin of its essential natural oils.
- Take care of your skin from the inside out: maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and healthy fats, and make sure you stay well hydrated.
When hormonal imbalances affect the skin
Not all skin changes are simply part of the normal aging process. Some medical conditions involving hormonal imbalances, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, can manifest directly on your skin.
“In PCOS, increased androgens can cause oily skin, cystic acne, skin tags, and unwanted facial hair (hirsutism),” explains Dr. Leibhart. “Thyroid problems also have a notable impact: hyperthyroidism can cause oily, flushed skin, while hypothyroidism can make skin dry, rough, and pale.” If your skin problems are accompanied by symptoms such as missed periods, drastic mood swings, or significant changes in hair growth, it’s crucial to see your doctor. It could be a sign of an underlying condition that requires professional attention.
Hormonal skincare routine
We cannot stop the natural flow of hormonal changes, but we can choose skincare products and habits that adapt to and support our bodies at every stage.
Key ingredients to look for in your products:
- Niacinamide: Ideal for calming redness and controlling excess oil.
- Hyaluronic acid: A superstar moisturizer that plumps up dry, dehydrated skin.
- Retinol: Helps smooth fine lines, improve texture, and treat acne.
- Peptides: They help to firm the skin and improve its elasticity.
- Vitamin C: A powerful antioxidant that brightens the skin and stimulates collagen production.
- Gentle cleansers and broad-spectrum sunscreen: Essential for protecting sensitive and mature skin.
Healthy habits that help you from the inside out:
- Drink plenty of water: Internal hydration is key to healthy skin.
- Eat a balanced diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats to support overall hormonal balance.
- Exercise regularly: Consistent physical activity contributes to hormonal well-being.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking damages collagen and elastin, accelerating skin aging.
Beware of hidden hormone disruptors: Some everyday products contain chemicals that can disrupt your hormones, known as endocrine disruptors. “The endocrine system controls hormones that are important for growth, fertility, and reproduction,” explains Dr. Leibhart. These disruptors can be found in food packaging, makeup, carpets, and even toys, and you can be exposed to them through the air you breathe, what touches your skin, the food you eat, and the water you drink.
What you can do:
- Choose personal care products that are “clean” and well-labeled.
- Avoid harsh chemicals in your makeup and personal care products.
- Use glass and stainless steel instead of plastic whenever possible, especially for food and drinks.
Finally, be cautious with popular skincare trends like "slugging" or "skin cycle." While they may work for some people, they might not be suitable for sensitive skin or skin going through hormonal changes. Listen to your skin and adjust your routine accordingly.
When to consult a healthcare professional
Sometimes, your skin needs more than a home care routine or an over-the-counter product. If your skin suddenly changes, causes pain or embarrassment, or simply doesn't improve with your usual care, it's time to consult a dermatologist or a Banner Health specialist. They can help you identify the underlying cause and offer appropriate treatment.
“If you notice any rough, scaly patches (which could be precancerous) or moles that change in size, shape, or color, be sure to have them checked right away,” advises Dr. Leibhart. “It’s always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to your skin health.”
In summary
Hormonal changes are a normal and expected part of every woman's life, and your skin is a direct reflection of them. With proper skincare habits and by choosing the right products, you can care for your skin at every stage of your life, from adolescence to 50 and beyond. Listening to your body and your skin will allow you to keep it healthy and radiant through every transformation.
If at any time you feel something isn't right or have concerns about changes in your skin, don't hesitate to talk to your doctor or a women's health specialist. Your well-being is our top priority!