People often overlook the risks associated with marijuana use on oral health, especially when used regularly.
Studies have shown that marijuana increases the risk of tooth decay by 55%, the risk of tooth loss by 41%, and triples the risk of oral cancer.
These little-known side effects have been documented in numerous studies investigating the link between marijuana use and oral health.
While tobacco is the first substance that comes to mind when we think of oral and lung cancers, a study published last July, using California hospital records, showed that people with a cannabis use disorder—those who used it daily and had difficulty quitting—were more than three times more likely to develop lip and tongue cancers over the next five years.
"Our analysis shows that cannabis exposure does indeed affect the risk of oral cancer," said Rafael Cuomo, the study's author and a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Diego. One possible reason for this is that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound in marijuana, may negatively affect the immune response in the delicate tissues of the mouth and nose.
In addition, marijuana smoke contains volatile compounds that can damage the delicate tissues of the mouth and lungs, just like tobacco smoke.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted that chemicals like ammonia, which is added to tobacco products to increase nicotine absorption, are also present in higher concentrations in marijuana smoke, further irritating the nose and throat. Marijuana smoke also contains significantly higher levels of hydrogen cyanide, a toxic substance, as well as organic compounds known as aromatic amines, which are potentially carcinogenic.
While more research is needed on the link between marijuana smoke and oral cancer, experts agree that inhaling any burning substance is not good for oral and lung health.
Marijuana and Anesthesia
On the other hand, marijuana may also affect the body's response to anesthesia during medical procedures, including dental visits. Studies have shown that people who regularly use marijuana may require additional doses of anesthesia and may experience more pain and complications after surgery.
Marijuana use also increases blood pressure and heart rate, which can cause additional problems when local anesthesia is used in dental procedures.
Marijuana and Dental Hygiene
Marijuana use also affects dietary habits and oral hygiene. Marijuana users often consume high-carbohydrate and sugary snacks, which increases the risk of tooth decay. Furthermore, marijuana may make people less attentive to their dental care, such as flossing or brushing regularly.
Another factor contributing to oral problems is dry mouth, which can accompany marijuana smoking. Dry mouth reduces the ability of saliva to neutralize acidity and remove bacteria and food debris, increasing the risk of plaque buildup and cavities.
Recommendations for Preventing the Effects of Marijuana
Despite all these risks, many people are unaware of the effects of marijuana on oral health before visiting the dentist. Therefore, experts recommend that dentists ask about marijuana use during the initial examination, both to ensure understanding and to prioritize the patient's health.
Experts also advise practicing good oral hygiene, such as brushing teeth twice a day, drinking plenty of water, reducing sugary foods, and visiting the dentist regularly every six months.