Adequate water intake is one of the most fundamental aspects of health. Many vital processes, from regulating body temperature and digestion to brain function and cell regeneration, depend on water. However, the type of water we choose to meet our daily needs can have different effects on our bodies. While potable water sources are generally safe, some may offer more health benefits than others. The source of the water and how it is processed are among the most important factors determining its effects on health. Let's explore the characteristics of various water types to discover the most beneficial options.
What does the pH level of water mean?
pH is a measure that indicates whether water is acidic or alkaline (basic). It comes from the English phrase "potential of hydrogen" and determines the amount of hydrogen ions in the water. The scale ranges from 0 to 14; 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are basic. Drinking water and bottled water generally have a pH of around 7.5. Bottled alkaline waters, however, have a pH between 8 and 9.
What is the mineral content of the water?
All different types of water used as drinking water contain various minerals. Tap and drinking water contain many minerals such as calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium , iron, copper, zinc, manganese, fluoride, and phosphorus. The health benefits of these minerals are as follows:
- Calcium: Important for bone and tooth health. Beneficial for muscle contractions.
- Sodium: Regulates intracellular fluid balance and blood pressure.
- Potassium: Important for heart rhythm, regulates blood pressure, and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Magnesium: Important for energy production, muscle and nerve function, and bone health.
- Iron: It is involved in the structure of hemoglobin and is directly related to immunity and energy.
- Copper: Supports iron absorption.
- Zinc: Important for the immune system, growth, and development processes.
- Manganese: Regulates blood sugar, plays a role in calcium absorption and connective tissue formation.
- Fluoride: Strengthens tooth enamel.
- Phosphorus: Along with calcium, it forms the structure of bones and teeth.
Although mineral loss occurs during purification, bottled water and regular drinking water generally have similar mineral profiles, only the proportions differ. The mineral content of water can vary depending on geographical location and environmental factors.
Properties such as the mineral profile, pH value, and processing method of water are key factors determining its effect on our bodies. These properties also vary depending on the type of water. Different types of water—those obtained from natural sources, enriched with minerals, or processed—differ in both their content and their effects on health. Now let's take a closer look at the most common types of potable water and their characteristics.
Spring waters
Spring water is naturally clean water that originates from a natural underground source. It contains essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, but these minerals are generally at lower levels compared to mineral waters. Because it undergoes no processing, the beneficial minerals in the water are preserved. Thanks to these characteristics, spring water is among the cleanest and most natural drinking waters available. Due to its pure nature, its natural alkaline level is usually above 7. It has a mild and neutral taste. Because its minerals are low or balanced, it offers a smooth drinking experience. Bottled spring water is available; it can be helpful to check the source and mineral content of the water.
Mineral waters
Mineral waters are waters that come from natural underground springs or mines and contain high levels of minerals. They are preferred both as daily drinking water and for promoting health.
Mineral waters sourced directly from the source are rich in natural minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate. One of their most important benefits is supporting muscle growth thanks to their high calcium content. Because they come directly from the source, they require no extra processing. Furthermore, their high electrolyte content provides extra hydration, making them an ideal choice, especially for athletes. They are often slightly alkaline. Due to their mineral content, they have a distinct taste; some may perceive them as slightly salty, slightly acidic, or metallic.
Distilled water
Distilled water is obtained by boiling and evaporating water, then condensing the steam. During this process, minerals, salts, microorganisms, and other undesirable components are largely removed from the water. Therefore, it does not contain naturally occurring minerals such as calcium, magnesium, or potassium.
Because it is demineralized, distilled water does not offer minerals that provide health benefits, but its purity makes it considered a safe drinking water. Especially in areas where tap water from unknown sources is used, drinking distilled water may be the safest option. Pure distilled water, with a pH of 7, may taste flat, empty, or slightly metallic because it is completely demineralized. It is smooth to drink but may feel tasteless.
Plastic bottled waters
Bottled water in plastic containers is widely preferred due to its practicality and easy accessibility. Most bottled water can have a mineral-rich or balanced content depending on its source. However, plastic packaging can carry the risk of chemical substances leaching into the water when exposed to sunlight or high temperatures for extended periods. Furthermore, single-use plastic bottles place a significant burden on the environment. Therefore, when using bottled water in plastic containers, both health and environmental impacts should be considered, and recyclable or reusable bottles should be preferred whenever possible. While pH levels can vary depending on the source, they generally have a neutral taste.
Hydrogenated water
The healthiest way to meet your body's water needs is to drink pure water. However, it is claimed that "hydrogenated water," obtained by adding hydrogen to water, may be more beneficial for health. In this type of water, where extra hydrogen molecules are added to pure water, it is suggested that the extra hydrogen molecules become "free" and are more easily used by the body.
Positive effects such as reducing inflammation, improving athletic performance, and slowing aging are among the benefits of hydrogen peroxide. While some current research finds positive effects of hydrogen peroxide on health, longer and more comprehensive studies are needed for definitive results. In short, it will not harm your health, but the claimed benefits have not yet been fully scientifically confirmed. Hydrogen peroxide machines are available for home use.
Which water is the healthiest?
Mineral and alkaline waters are generally among the healthiest types of water due to their nutritional content. Apart from minor differences in taste and mineral levels, alternatives available on the market are generally similarly healthy. However, consuming enough water is far more important than what kind of water you drink. As long as it doesn't harm your health, the right water for you is the one that best meets your body's needs, fits your lifestyle, and that you can consume regularly.