Gastritis is an irritation or inflammation of the stomach lining. Symptoms include pain or heartburn in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Some people may not experience any symptoms. The main causes include Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, use of pain relievers (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and stress. Treatment depends on the cause and includes medications to reduce stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors, antacids) and lifestyle changes such as avoiding irritating foods, getting rest, and managing stress.
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Symptoms of Gastritis
Pain or heartburn: in the upper abdomen (indigestion).
Nausea and vomiting: In severe cases, vomiting may be bloody (resembling coffee grounds).
Bloating: a feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen after eating.
Loss of appetite or feeling full early.
Dark stools: in cases of internal bleeding.
Hiccups.
Causes of Gastritis
Bacterial Infection: Especially Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
Medications: Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin.
Alcohol and Smoking: Excessive alcohol consumption and nicotine use.
Stress and Anxiety: Psychological stress sends signals to the digestive system that increase acid production.
Autoimmune Diseases.
Bile Reflux and some other diseases.
Treatment and Prevention
Medications:
Antacids and antihistamines to reduce acid and relieve pain.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) to effectively reduce acid production.
Antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori bacteria.
Dietary and Lifestyle Changes:
Avoid fried, spicy, and fatty foods, as well as caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.
Eat small, frequent meals instead of large ones.
Rest and reduce stress through yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises.
Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly to prevent the spread of bacterial infections.
Consult a doctor: for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, especially if symptoms are severe or persistent, or if blood appears in vomit or stool.